4/30/2023 0 Comments Hohokam irrigation year![]() New ditches were created that were regulated by the political power. This decrease is related to the decrease in the Gila river flow for long periods of time. It is believed that this period of decline was due to the decrease of its productive capacity of food, which did not allow the maintenance of its large cities. It is at this point that the Hohokam culture gradually loses its internal cohesion. The last of the periods of the Hohokam culture that develops from 1,200 to 1,450 moment of its disappearance. Trade with other cultures of Mesoamerica began to reduce and began to trade with the Anasazi and Mogollones. Although some theorists believe that they had relation with the astronomical observation. Within cities, it is believed that tall buildings, such as Casa Grande, were intended for religious and political elites. It is believed that in this period also a political reorganization happens, where the regional leagues with superior authorities controlled more of a settlement of the Hohokam culture. The population is concentrated in medium or large cities. Large areas of land are not much needed, so many small settlements near ranches disappear. It occurs between the years 1,150 and 1,300 d.c. There are some historians who also include this period at the end of the Sedentary. In the architecture also made changes, and began to create pyramidal monuments that meant that Hohokam culture had a religious elite and followed a great way of ritual functions. It is at this time that the Hohokam culture begins to develop the textile industry. Also appeared the first carvings in stone. In addition to the development of jewelry where they made jewelry with shells of mollusks, stones and bone. They began to use a technique of engraving in the pottery. It is during this period that craftsmanship reaches its peak in the Hohokam culture. ![]() ![]() And they began to build furnaces of stone for the preparation of the meat. The settlements began to be made with caliche adobe. The extension of this system helped to increase the arable area. It is at this moment that the ditches expand to meet the demand for crops of the new population. In this age, the offerings to the divinities also grow and more rituals for the dead begin to appear. In this period the pottery begins to develop by adding iron pigments to create a reddish color, in combination with a light yellow background.Īs the population increases, they begin to create courts for the ball game so characteristic of the peoples and cultures of the region. They began to separate the social strata and developed the construction of larger and larger houses. Settlements began to develop and the population grew. Among these stood the censers and anthropomorphic figures. These new cultures were mainly due to the exchange in neighboring cultures.Īt this time, the pottery was not very developed and they used simple models of containers. Approximately, agriculture begins to develop and begin to include new crops in their repertoire. Despite the proximity of the water, they continued to build wells up to 3 meters deep to accumulate water for domestic use.įrom year 400 d.c. They had settlements near water resources and crops. The earliest inhabitants of the hohokam culture lived as maize and bean farmers. It is believed that this period appeared around the year 200 d.c. Cultural periods of Hohokam culture Pioneer But in some settlements like Casa Grande, there were buildings that reached up to four stories high. They made adobe houses that were rectangular house-pits. They practiced astronomy, worked the stone, the turquoise and the envelope and made shell bracelets. With the expansion of their culture, they began to develop ball games and ceremonial mounds. At the same time, they also made grinding stones and projectile sawed ends. In addition to agriculture, the Hohokam people developed pottery in their large cities. With their crops they were able to obtain flour, honey, liquors and wood.Īgriculture was not enough to maintain the Hohokam people, reason why they had commercial and religious links with other Mexican cultures of the zone. They also grew pitahaya and mesquite pods. These engineering works helped the Hohokam people irrigate their fields and obtain up to two maize crops a year. Ditches should be deep to minimize evaporation of water. They realized a network of ditches that reached to reach the 10 km of length, besides a great depth. This culture was characterized by the creation of irrigation systems and the channeling of the Salado and Gila rivers. It was based on the vestiges of the archaic cochise culture. It is not known with certainty when the Hohokam culture began, although it is believed to have coincided with the beginning of the Christian era, but many archaeologists believe it was earlier.
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